Effects of raw and wine-processed Schisandra chinensis on neuro-endocrine-immune network in insomnia mice and its mechanism / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of raw and wine-processed Schisandra chinensis on neuro-immune-endocrine network in insomnia mice and its mechanism. METHODS Fifty mice were randomly divided into blank group， model group， diazepam group， raw S. chinensis group and wine-processed S. chinensis group， with 10 mice in each group. Except for blank group， the mice in the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with thyroxine solution to establish mice model of insomnia； at the end of each day’s modeling， the corresponding doses of diazepam，raw and wine-processed S. chinensis were given by gavage. The blank group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline. The general state of the mice was observed and recorded， and the total activity distance and upright times of the mice were detected； the EEG and EMG signals of mice were recorded， and the time ratio of sleep wake time （wake）， non-rapid eye movement （NREM） and rapid eye movement （REM） was analyzed； the contents of neurotransmitters [γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA）， 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， dopamine （DA）， norepinephrine （NE）， cortisol （CORT）] in brain suprachiasmatic nucleus （SCN） were detected； and the expressions of tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α） and interleukin 1β （IL-1β） were detected； the mRNA expressions of clock gene Bmal1， circadian clock gene Clock and cycle gene Per2 were all detected. RESULTS Compared with the blank group， the mental state of the model group mice was relatively depressed， the amount of food and water increased， the body mass decreased， the hair was rough and shiny， and the circadian rhythm was irregular； the total activity distance and upright times decreased significantly； the time ratio of wake increased significantly， while the time ratios of REM and NREM decreased significantly； the content of 5- HT in brain SCN decreased significantly， while the content of NE， DA and CORT increased significantly； the fluorescence intensity of IL-1β and TNF-α was significantly increased； the relative expression level of Bmal1 and Clock mRNA was significantly increased， while the relative expression level of Per2 mRNA was significantly decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， the general state of mice in diazepam group， raw S. chinensis group and wine-processed S. chinensis group was improved obviously， and most of the above index levels were significantly reversed （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Raw and wine-processed S. chinensis have a certain therapeutic effect on insomnia mice， the mechanism of which may be related to the regulation of neuro-endocrine-immune system related biological indicators in insomnia mice.

Research and application of model fruit fly in prevention and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders by traditional Chinese medicine and natural compounds: a review / 中国中药杂志

As an important model animal, fruit fly is characterized by outstanding genetic characteristics, relatively perfect nervous system, rapid reproduction, and low cost. Thus, it has been applied in the research on neuropsychiatric disorders in recent years, showing great potential in life science. The incidence of neuropsychiatric disorders has been on the rise, and the disorders have high disability rate and low case fatality rate. The global drug demand for such diseases is second only to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. At the moment, the demand of the drugs for the diseases have been rising, and it is an urgent task to develop related drugs. However, the research and development of the drugs are time-intensive and have a high failure rate. A suitable animal model can help shorten the time for drug screening and development, thereby reducing the cost and failure rate. This study reviews the application of fruit flies in several common neuropsychiatric disorders, which is expected to provide new ideas for the research and application of the model animals in traditional Chinese medicine.

Rules of acupoint selection on treating hypertonia after stroke with acupuncture and moxibustion / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To explore the regularity of acupoint selection of acupuncture for hypertonia after stroke.Methods:The Chinese literatures about acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke myotonia from January 1990 to October 2019 in China Academic Journal Database (Wanfang Data), China National Knowledge Resources Database (CNKI), China biomedical literature service system (SinoMed) and Chinese science and technology journal database (Chongqing VIP) were searched. The data of acupoint, meridian and specific acupoints were retrieved and analyzed in Excel 2016. The SPSS statistics 22 and SPSS model 18.0 was used for descriptive analysis and association rule analysis.Results:A total of 32 literatures were included, involving 33 acupuncture prescriptions and 77 acupoints. The total frequency of acupoint use is 398 times. Among them, Hegu with 23 times mentioned was the most frequently used single acupoint, followed by Waiguan with 22 times. Most of the selected acupoints were large intestine meridian of hand Yangming (87 times) and gallbladder meridian of foot Shaoyang (68 times). The total frequency of application of specific acupoints was 386 times. Intersection (123 times) was the most frequently used specific acupoints. Hegu and Waiguan are the core acupoints with the strongest correlation. Conclusions:Hegu is the preferred acupoint for hypertonia after stroke. Large Intestine Meridian acupoints along upper limb are preferred for hypertonia treatment, and Gall Bladder Meridian along lower limb followed. Local acupoints’ selection and distal acupoints’ selection are emphasized.

Effects of Emodin Derivative on Cell Cycle, Apoptosis and NF-κB Pathway in Burkitt Lymphoma Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect and mechanism of a novel emodin derivative YX-18 on Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cells.@*METHODS@#MTT assay was used to detect the effect of YX-18 on the proliferation of BL cell lines CA46 and Raji. Annexin V-PE/7-AAD double staining assay was used for detecting the effect of YX-18 on the apoptosis of CA46 and Raji cells. PI/RNase staining was used to test the effect of YX-18 on CA46 and Raji cell cycle. JC-1 method was used to measure the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential after YX-18 treatment, and DAPI staining was used to detect the morphology of apoptotic cells. Western blot was used to analyze the distribution changes of NF-κB pathway protein (P65, P-P65, IκB, P-IκB) in the cytoplasm and cell nucleus, and also the expression changes of cyclin-related protein P21, CDK2, P-CDK2, Cycling D1, Cycling E1, and the apoptosis-related protein Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9 and the proliferation-related protein C-MYC, BCL-2 by YX-18. Real-time fluorescence-quantitative PCR was used to evaluate the effects of YX-18 on mRNA levels of C-MYC and Ki-67 genes in CA46 and Raji cells, and EBNA-1 and EBER genes of EBV in Raji (EBV@*RESULTS@#Novel Emodin derivative YX-18 could effectively inhibit the proliferation of BL cell lines CA46 and Raji, showing a time-dependent effect (24, 48 and 72 h: r@*CONCLUSION@#The novel emodin derivative YX-18 can significantly inhibit the proliferation of Burkitt lymphoma cells, and induce the cell apoptosis and cycle arrest. The inhibitory effect of YX-18 on the proliferation of Burkitt lymphoma cells may be related with the effect of Caspase apoptosis pathway, the proliferation and apoptosis-related molecules, such as C-MYC and Ki-67, and also to the inhibition of NF-κB pathway.

Rules of acupoint selection and drug use in clinical treatment of hypertension with acupoint application therapy / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the rules of acupoint selection and drug use in treatment of hypertension with acupoint application therapy.@*METHODS@#The articles of the clinical research of hypertension treated with acupoint application therapy were retrieved from Chinese journal full-text database (CNKI), VIP database (VIP) and Wanfang databases from the time of establishment to January 20, 2019. The database was set up with Microsoft Excel 2010. Using the cloud platform of the ancient and modern medicine record, the frequency statistical and clustering analyses were conducted.@*RESULTS@#A total of 117 articles were collected, including 191 prescriptions, 60 aucpoints and 236 kinds of herbal drugs. It was found in the frequency statistical analysis that the top 6 acupoints in use frequency were Yongquan (KI 1), Quchi (LI 11), Taichong (LR 3), Shenque (CV 8), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Neiguan (PC 6). According to the correlation analysis, corresponding to these top 6 acupoints, the pairs of acupoints were Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Yongquan (KI 1), Shenque (CV 8) and Yongquan (KI 1), Neiguan (PC 6) and Yongquan (KI 1), Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Neiguan (PC 6) with Yongquan (KI 1), as well as Yongquan (KI 1) and Neiguan (PC 6) with Sanyinjiao (SP 6). The dominant meridians were the kidney meridian, the conception vessel and the bladder meridian. The special acupoints referred to -source point, -connecting point, back- point and front- point. The top 3 herbal drugs in use frequency included , and . The herbs used were mainly warm and slight cold in nature and neutral in property. The frequencies of the drug use were similar in the application for cold and heat purposes. The common flavors of the herbal medicines were pungent, sweat and bitter and the liver, kidney and spleen meridians were generally involved in meridian tropism.@*CONCLUSION@#In treatment of hypertension with acupoint application therapy, the commonly used single acupoint is Yongquan (KI 1), which is generally combined with Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Shenque (CV 8), Neiguan (PC 6) and Zusanli (ST 36). The correlation is emphasized on the application of special acupoints, meridian points and organs. The vesicatory herbal drugs are predominant in the drug use. In generally, this therapy embodies the treatment principles as tonifying for the deficiency and reducing for the excess, as well as balancing of cold and heat.

Research status and prospects on adenosine receptor mechanism of acupuncture for myocardial ischemia / 中国针灸

The relationship between adenosine receptor (AdoR) and myocardial ischemia (MI), effect of acupuncture for MI and action mechanism of acupuncture improving MI by regulating AdoR are summarized. The existing researches have preliminarily reflected that the improvement of MI treated with acupuncture may be achieved by influencing the expression of AdoR. However, there are still some limitations, e.g. most of the research regimens are single-acupoint, the research results are not entirely consistent and the interaction of AdoRs are ignored, all these need to be further verified and supplemented.

Effect of Icariin on Neuroprotection of Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Rats and TLR4/NF-κB Pathway in Microglia / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of icariin on neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats and microglia toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB） pathway. Method:In the blank group， blood vessels were only isolated but not ligated and blocked，and the rats were injected intraperitoneally with the same volume of normal saline. After successful modeling， they were randomly divided into model group， butyphthalide group （6 mg·kg-1）， and high， medium and low （40，20，10 mg·kg-1）-dose icariin group，and abdominally administered with drugs at 5，12， 24 h after ischemia， respectively. The nerve function scores were detected， 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazole chloride （TTC） staining was used to measure the cerebral infarction rate，immunohistochemical assay was performed to detect the expressions of microglial markers ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1（Iba1） and TLR4 in the rat brain cortex， Western blot immunoassay was used to detect the expression of NF-κB p65 in the cerebral cortex， and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect interleukin-1α （IL-1α） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） content. Result:Compared with the sham-operation group， the nerve score， the cerebral infarction rate， the activations of Iba1 and TLR4 in microglial cells， the protein expression of NF-κB p65（P<0.01）， and the contents of inflammatory factors IL-1α and TNF-α in the model group increased significantly（P<0.01）. After treatment with icariin， compared with the model group， the neurological function score and the cerebral infarction rate of rats were improved， whereas the activations of Iba1 and TLR4 in microglia， the protein expression of NF-κB p65， and the contents of inflammatory factors IL-1α and TNF-α decreased obviously（P<0.05，P<0.01）. Conclusion:Icariin may inhibit the activations of TLR4 and its downstream NF-κB signaling pathway and reduce the expression of relevant inflammatory factors IL-1α and TNF-α by regulating the activation of microglia， so as to play a protective role in the brain after stroke.

The prognostic value of combined detection of serum indicators in elderly patients with community acquired pneumonia / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the prognostic value of combined detection of serum C-reactive protein(CRP), procalcitonin and lactic acid in elderly patients with community acquired pneumonia(CAP).Methods:Ninety-five elderly CAP patients in the emergency department of Shangqiu First People's Hospital were included as the case group, and 45 elderly healthy people in the emergency department of Shangqiu First People's Hospital were enrolled as the control group.Levels of blood lactic acid, procalcitonin and CRP were compared between the two groups.Meanwhile, blood levels of lactic acid, procalcitonin and CRP were compared between patients with different outcomes in the case group.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the prognostic value of CRP, procalcitonin and blood lactic acid in elderly patients with CAP.Results:Compared with the control group, blood levels of lactic acid, procalcitonin and CRP were increased in the case group( t=20.77, 26.03 and 31.27, all P<0.01). During a 12-month follow-up, 13 cases(13.68%, 13/95)died and 82 cases(86.32%, 82/95)survived in the case group.Blood levels of lactic acid, procalcitonin and CRP were higher in the death group than in the survival group( t=25.56, 8.30 and 13.56, all P<0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity of serum lactic acid, procalcitonin and CRP in predicting the prognosis of elderly CAP patients were 76.92% and 73.17%, 84.62% and 78.05%, and 69.23% and 70.73%, respectively.The sensitivity and specificity of combined detection of the three indicators were 92.31% and 89.02%, respectively, higher than those of the individual indicators. Conclusions:Serum levels of lactic acid, procalcitonin and CRP are increased in elderly patients with CAP.Combined detection of the three indicators can improve the prognostic value and therefore has important clinical significance.

Effects of Electroacupuncture on White Matter Fibers and Learning-memory Function in Rats with Vascular Dementia / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To observe the effect of electroacupuncture at Baihui (DU20) and Shenting (DU24) acupoints on white matter fiber and learning-memory function in rats with vascular dementia (VD). Methods:Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into operation group and sham group (n = 8). The operation group accepted two-vessel occlusion, while the sham group only separated the bilateral common carotid arteries without ligation. The rats modeled successfully were randomly divided into model group (n = 8), non-acupoint group (n = 8) and electroacupuncture group (n = 8). The electroacupuncture group accepted electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting, and the non-acupoint group accepted electroacupuncture at axillary non-acupoint, once a day for 28 days. All the rats were tested with object recognition test before and after intervention, while the white matter fibers were observed with Diffusion Tensor Imaging. Results:Compared with the sham group, the preference coefficients of the model group, the non-acupoint group and the electroacupuncture group decreased before intervention (P< 0.05), and there was no significant difference among the later three groups (P> 0.05). The preference coefficients increased in the electroacupuncture group compared with the model group after intervention (P< 0.05). The fractional anisotropy (FA) of corpus callosum, cingulate gyrus and hippocampus decreased in the model group, the non-acupoint group and the electroacupuncture group compared with the sham group before intervention. FA of hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, corpus callosum and external capsule increased in the electroacupuncture group compared with the model group after intervention. Conclusion:Electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting can improve learning-memory function of VD rats, which may be related with repairment of white matter fibers in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and others.

Effects of Electroacupuncture on Brain Function of APP/PS1 Mice: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture at Baihui (DU20) and Shenting (DU24) on brain function of APP/PS1 mice. Methods:Sixteen 4-month-old APP/PS1 mice in the same litter were randomly divided into model group (n = 8) and electroacupuncture group (n = 8). Eight transgenic negative mice in the same litter were as control group. The electroacupuncture group accepted electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting for 16 weeks. They were assessed with Object Recognition Test before and after intervention, and observed under small animal functional magnetic resonance imaging with regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis. Results:Compared with the control group, the discrimination ratio decreased in the model group after intervention (P < 0.05), while it increased in the electroacupuncture group compared with that in the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, ReHo of right basal forebrain and left hippocampus decreased in the model group before intervention. Compared with the control group, ReHo decreased in bilateral hippocampus group and increased in retrosplenial cortex in the model group after intervention; while it increased in bilateral hippocampus and motor cortex and decreased in anterior cingulate gyrus in the electroacupuncture group compared with that in the model group. Conclusion:Electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting may delay the decline of learning and memory ability in Alzheimer's disease model mice, which may relate to the regulation of functional activities in hippocampus.

CT-guided minimally-invasive penile fracture repair

ABSTRACT We present the case of a 28 year old patient with an incomplete tear of the tunica albuginea occurred after having sexual intercourse in the female superior position. The diagnostic assessment was performed first clinically, then with CT, owing to its high resolution, allowed to exactly detect the tear location leading to precise preoperative planning. After adequate diagnosis through imaging and proper planning, the patient was performed a selective minimally invasive surgical approach to repair the lesion. The patient had good erection with no angular deformity or plaque formation after a 3-month follow-up.

Optimization of an Activity Assay of Coprinus Cinereus Peroxidase

ABSTRACT To seek a simple, rapid and sensitive Coprinus cinereus Peroxidase (CIP) activity assay, a convenient one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method and a response surface methodology (RSM) were used. The recombinant CIP expressed in Pichia pastoris was purified with the Ni-NTA spin column. Based on the results of catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) analysis, 2,2'-azinobis (ethylbenzthiazoline -6-sulfonate) (ABTS) was selected as the optimal enzyme substrate. Results of the OFAT method showed that enzymatic reaction performed in 0.1 mol/L sodium acetate (pH 5.0) buffer in a 200-µl reaction mixture containing 0.5 mmol/L ABTS, 10 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 49.7 ng CIP at 25°C gave an average CIP activity of 88 U/mL. The ABTS and H2O2 concentrations were then further optimized to improve the sensitivity of the assay. To do that, RSM was conducted through central composite design, and a reduced quadratic model with good fit regression equation was generated. ANOVA analysis of this model indicated that the concentrations of ABTS and H2O2 and their interaction had significant impact on the assay sensitivity. The optimal reaction mixture was determined to include an initial ABTS concentration of 0.82 mmol/L 49.7 ng CIP and 16.36 mmol/L H2O2, and the activity under this condition was determined to be 138.89 U/mL.

Research on Image Retrieval Method of Wild Chinese Herbal Medicine Plants in Changbai Mountain / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To study the visual word bag based image retrieval method and apply it in the field of image retrieval of wild Chinese herbal medicine plants in Changbai Mountain.Methods SURF operator was used to extract visual features. Then sparse coding method was used to structure visual dictionary. The classifier was trained by combination of support vector machine (SVM) and approximate nearest neighbors (ANN) method.Results Totally 2500 photos of Chinese herbal medicine plants were chosen. When the visual word number was 500, the average retrieval time was 481 ms, and the average query accuracy was 88.95％.Conclusion The method can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of image retrieval, and has better robust.

Practice and Research of Management Mode of Long-term Medication Safety Assessment for the Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Pharmacist Team in Medical Treatment Alliance / 中国药师

Objective:To explore the new management mode of long-term medication safety assessment for chronic obstructive pul-monary disease (COPD) with the participation of pharmacist team in medical treatment alliance to provide reference for pharmacists participating in the management of chronic diseases under the new situation of new medical reform. Methods:Totally 126 patients with COPD meeting the inclusion criteria in our hospital and medical treatment alliance were selected. The patients received medication management including drug safety comprehensive evaluation,classification management,follow-up with medication guidance,integrat-ed prescriptions checking and shared database building etc with the participation of our clinical pharmacists to guide the community pharmacists in coordination with physicians. Results:After one-year management mode practice,the cognitive ability of safe medica-tion and compliance of the patients significantly increased(P<0.01) with significant improvement of control situation of COPD(CAT score) (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the capacity of effective identification and irrational prescription intervention significantly in-creased (P<0.01). Conclusion:The management mode of long-term medication safety assessment for COPD patients with the partic-ipation of pharmacist team in medical treatment alliance has significant effects on COPD patients' safe medication and drug efficacy, which can improve the professional service of pharmacist team.

Practice of Management Mode of Long-term Medication Safety Assessment for Chronic Airway Disease Patients Established by Pharmacists Team of Medical Consortium / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for pharmacists to participate in the management of chronic disease. METHODS:A total of 259 patients with chronic airway disease [included asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)] met the inclusion criteria were selected from our hospital and 5 community health care centers of medical consortium. These patients received medication safety assessment management,which was led by clinical pharmacists of our hospital with the participation of community pharmacists,including medication safety comprehensive evaluation and risk classification management, follow-up and medication guidance, integrated prescriptions checking, establishment of shared database. 1 years after the implementation,the effectiveness were evaluated by score the relatived indicators in related groups. RESULTS:After a year of the management mode practice,compared with before intervention,the patients'safety medication cognitive ability score in high-risk and low-risk group increased from(4.49±1.26)and(7.31±1.01)to(5.40±1.56)and(7.44±0.91);medication adherence score increased from(4.96±1.21)and(7.08±1.24)to(6.66±1.08)and(7.38±0.98);ACT score from asthma patients increased from (16.15±2.58)and(21.15±1.03)to(16.80±2.57)and(21.64±1.55);CAT score from COPD patients decreased from(25.51± 4.07) and (14.90 ± 3.95) to (24.20 ± 3.96) and (13.80 ± 4.08);the rate of irrational prescription effective identification and intervention by pharmacists increased from 3.6％ and 1.4％ to 9.4％ and 7.6％,respectively. All the differences above were statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The participation of pharmacists in long-term medication safety assessment management for chronic airway disease patients can improve patients'safety medication cognitive ability,medication adherence, disease control and the pharmacists'ability of irrational drug use identification and intervention.

Association between copy number variations and risk of overweight/obesity among Han, Uyghur, and Kazak children / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the association between the prevalence of overweight/obesity and copy number variations (CNVs) among Han, Uyghur, and Kazak children in Xinjiang, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The kindergartens in Ili, Altay, and Karamay in Xinjiang were selected as research sites, and stratified cluster sampling was used to select the children aged 3-7 years. Body height and body weight were measured, and exfoliated buccal mucosa cells were collected. CNVplex® was used to measure the CNVs of FTO_1, IRX3_1, IRX3_2, MC4R_1, and MC4R_2.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 603 children were surveyed (307 boys and 296 girls). There were 261 Han children, 194 Uyghur children, and 148 Kazak children. The overweight/obesity rates in Han, Uyghur, and Kazak children were 28.3%, 10.3%, and 31.1%, respectively (P<0.001). In Kazak children, the CNVs of IRX3_1 and MC4R_2 were associated with overweight/obesity (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of overweight/obesity in Han and Kazak children was 3.443 times (95%CI: 2.016-5.880) and 3.924 times (95%CI: 2.199-7.001), respectively, that in Uyghur children. The CNV of IRX3_1 was a risk factor for overweight/obesity (P=0.028, OR=2.251, 95%CI: 1.418-5.651).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The CNV of IRX3_1 is associated with overweight/obesity in Han, Uyghur, and Kazak children, and the association between the CNV of IRX3_1 and overweight/obesity in Kazak children should be taken seriously.</p>

Effect of Dandelion Extracts on the Proliferation of Ovarian Granulosa Cells and Expression of Hormone Receptors / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>In the current society, infertility related to age has become a social problem. The in vitro fertilization (IVF) success rate in women with poor ovarian response (POR) is very low. Dandelion extract T-1 (DE-T1) is an effective component of the extract from the leaves and stems of Taraxacum officinale, which is one of the medicines used in some patients with POR, but its molecular mechanism remains unclear.</p><p><b>Methods</b>Following IVF, ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) of sixty patients were extracted and divided into normal ovarian response (NOR) and POR groups. GCs were cultured in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner with DE-T1, proliferation of GCs was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and mRNA levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), luteotropic hormone receptor (LHR), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), LHR, and CYP19A1 (aromatase) were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Progesterone and estradiol (E2) concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><b>Results</b>The cell viability gradually increased with the progressive increase in the DE-T1 concentration. Compared with the control group (without DE-T1), the mRNA expressions of FSHR, LHR, IGF-1R, and CYP19A1 were upregulated after the addition of DE-T1, especially in the 2.5% DE-T1 group (P < 0.01). The expression of IGF-1R was upregulated approximately 25 times (24.97 ± 4.02 times) in the POR group with 2.5% DE-T1. E2 and progesterone levels increased with the increasing DE-T1 concentration. There were highly significant differences in the E2 and progesterone secretion between the NOR and POR groups (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>Conclusion</b>DE-T1 may promote steroid hormone synthesis by promoting GC proliferation and upregulating GC receptor expression, thereby improving ovarian endocrine function.</p>

Estrogen-induced and Expression Repressed via Estrogen Receptor Beta in MC3T3-E1 Cells / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>Estrogen, as an important hormone in human physiological process, is closely related to bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of estrogen on osteoblasts metabolism in MC3T3-E1 cells.</p><p><b>Methods</b>We treated the MC3T3-E1 cells with different concentrations of β-estradiol (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 nmol/L), observed the morphological changes of the cells, and detected the cell's proliferation and apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells. Two transcriptome libraries were constructed and sequenced. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to confirm the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and then treated the MC3T3-E1 cells with estrogen receptor (ER) inhibitors α and β, respectively, and then examined the expression of Tgfbr1 and Bmpr1a genes. The promoter of Tgfbr1 and Bmpr1a gene was analyzed, and the ER response elements were identified. Finally, ChIP was used to verify the binding of ER to Tgfbr1 and Bmpr1a promoter.</p><p><b>Results</b>In the high-concentration β-estradiol treatment group (1 nmol/L and 10 nmol/L), there was no significant difference in the morphology of the cells under the microscope, 1 nmol/L and 10 nmol/L treated group appeared statistically significant difference in cell apoptosis and proliferation (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). We found 460 DEGs compared with the control group. Among the DEGs, there were 66 upregulated genes and 394 downregulated genes. Gene ontology classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that many bone metabolism-related biological processes and cell signaling pathways were disordered. The qRT-PCR verification showed that the expressions of Tgfbr1- and Bmpr1a-related genes in bone metabolism pathway in the 10 nmol/L treatment group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). ER β was involved in the inhibitory effect of Tgfbr1 and Bmpr1a genes. The bioinformatics of the promoter found that there were three ER response elements in the promoter of Tgfbr1, and there were two ER response elements in Bmpr1a promoter regions. ChIP experiments showed that estrogen could enhance the binding of ERs to Tgfbr1 and Bmpr1a genes.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>Estrogen can promote the apoptosis and proliferation of osteoblasts simultaneously, and the mechanism may be the joint action of transforming growth factor-beta, Wnt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor-kappaB bone metabolism-related signaling pathway. Estrogen inhibits the expression of Tgfbr1 and Bmpr1a genes through ER β and affects the metabolism of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts.</p>

Application of electronic fence technology based on GIS in Oncomelania hu-pensis snail monitoring / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To study the application of Geographic Information System(GIS)electronic fence technique in Onco-melania hupensis snail monitoring. Methods The electronic fence was set around the history and existing snail environments in the electronic map,the information about snail monitoring and controlling was linked to the electronic fence,and the snail moni-toring information system was established on these bases. The monitoring information was input through the computer and smart phone. Results The electronic fence around the history and existing snail environments was set in the electronic map(Baidu map),and the snail monitoring information system and smart phone APP were established. The monitoring information was input and upload real-time,and the snail monitoring information was demonstrated in real time on Baidu map. Conclusion By using the electronic fence technology based on GIS,the unique"environment electronic archives"for each snail monitoring environ-ment can be established in the electronic map,and real-time,dynamic monitoring and visual management can be realized.

Implementation of Oncomelania hupensis monitoring system based on Baidu Map / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To construct the Oncomelania hupensis snail monitoring system based on the Baidu Map. Methods The environmental basic information about historical snail environment and existing snail environment,etc. was collected with the monitoring data about different kinds of O. hupensis snails,and then the O. hupensis snail monitoring system was built. Geo-graphic Information System(GIS)and the electronic fence technology and Application Program Interface(API)were applied to set up the electronic fence of the snail surveillance environments,and the electronic fence was connected to the database of the snail surveillance. Results The O. hupensis snail monitoring system based on the Baidu Map were built up,including three modules of O. hupensis Snail Monitoring Environmental Database,Dynamic Monitoring Platform and Electronic Map. The infor-mation about monitoring O. hupensis snails could be obtained through the computer and smartphone simultaneously. Conclu-sion The O. hupensis snail monitoring system,which is based on Baidu Map,is a visible platform to follow the process of snail-searching and molluscaciding.